2010年4月11日 星期日

TARGUS CL86 Business Traveller

找17吋的NB包好久,終於電腦公司的出清特賣包上,約一折的價格讓我找到這個包.




Product Details

The Targus Business Traveller combines function, style and affordability to create the ideal case for the corporate traveller. Its four-section, light-weight design allows easy access to your notebook, printer, PDA and accessories. The lined and padded luggage compartment is perfect for a change of clothes, and is certain to keep your personal items organized. Designed specifically to fit under an airline seat or in an overhead compartment, the Business Traveller houses everything needed for a short trip.



Technical Specs Features

Colour:Black
Compatibility:15/15.4-17 inch notebooks
Exterior Dimensions:46 x 33 x 15 cm

Interior Dimensions

Notebook Compartment Dimensions43 x 31 x 4 cm
Maximum Notebook Compartment Dimensions43 x 31 x 4 cm
Material:Full grain leather
Printer Compatibility:Same compartment as computer
Warranty:Lifetime(終身保固)
Weight:3.2 Kg


Luggage/accessories section (42.5 x 31 x 3.5 cm)
Mobile phone pocket
Organizer/PDA pocket
3 multimedia CD pockets
Two section expanding file
Zip-down workstation

如何清除病毒 Conficker

今天幫人灌電腦時,發現windows update網站上不去,原本以為是DNS出問題,結果最後爬文才發現是病毒在作怪.



最強病毒 Conficker介紹說明

世界第一名的安全威脅 Conficker,尚在繼續肆虐,提醒您更改強度夠強的密碼、下載最新的安全性更新、下載最新的防毒軟體更新,目前Conficker 已有多個變種產生,並且影響相當數量的使用者。因為已被侵入的百萬台電腦仍舊存在網際網路上,建議如果電腦受到感染,請立即拔掉感染主機的網路線,不要再 連上網際網路。
 image
Conficker 利用下述多種方式進行攻擊:
  ·攻擊未安裝 MS08-067 重大安全性更新的電腦
  ·攻擊使用弱密碼的網路分享,然後將惡意程式 複製到網路分享資料夾再感染其他使用者
  ·透過可攜式儲存設備(如USB)擴大感染範圍
     當電腦一 旦感染 Conficker 後,會有下列行為進行自我保護: 
        ·修補其利用的漏洞,阻擋其他惡意軟體進入 
        ·關閉 Windows 自動更新 
        ·關閉安全模式 
        ·禁止使用者連線至資訊安全相關的網站,導致 受感染的電腦無法下載或更新軟體 
       ·移除電腦中與防毒或安全分析工具相關字串的處理程序現在大多數防毒軟體都能檢測及阻擋此蠕蟲。如果有定時更新作業系統、防毒軟體及病毒碼,被感染的風險便會 減低 。

一、檢測 Conficker的威脅

    首先,要確定你的電腦是否真的感染了Conficker,感染了並不會有很多警訊。一個最快的方法是連線到防毒軟體公司的網站。先清空瀏覽器的快取,IE 的 Temporary Internet Files,FireFox 的隱私資料。如果你可以連線到小紅傘Avira、Avast!、AVG、 或北京瑞星 Beijing Rising等防毒軟體公司的網站,表示您的電腦未被 Conficker 侵入,因為它會阻止到防毒公司的連線。

Conficker自我檢測統

        另一個有效的測試是檢查 Windows 某些 services,如自動更新,及 Error Reporting Services 錯誤回報。如果這些服務不是經由你而被停止,或者account lockout policies 帳戶鎖定原則被暗中改變,電腦可能被感染。其它警訊如你的區域網路有不尋常的高傳輸量,網域控制器 Domain Controller 的要求回應太慢。
假使你的電腦安裝有隨時保持最新狀態的防毒軟體,就未必會感染,除非你將電腦設定成「不自動下載更新」。但是,我們不建議您去檢 查
MS08-067 (KB 958644)的更新記錄, 因為這隻 Conficker 蠕蟲,會偽裝成已有這項更新。

二、移除 Conficker 
假使您的電腦已經中毒了,那麼請立刻選擇下列之一的免費移 除工具使用。

Mcafee 的 Stinger
賽門鐵克 Symantec 的 W32.Downadup Removal Tool

Avira在官網宣稱:沒理由去擔心 Conficker,現行的 Avira 防毒解決方安案都能夠辨識而且掃除這個有危害性的程式。紅傘個人免費版 Avira AntiVir Personal 的更新,已提供附加的間諜軟體偵測功能,不需另外再加裝防間諜軟體。除了免費版之外,白金版與白金安全組合也一樣。這三個版本的最新版請至官網下載。之前版本 8 的授權可以移到現行版本9使用,直到授權到期為止。
AVG也宣稱 AVG Free 可以抵抗這隻病毒。(但是沒說有沒有能力移除病毒 @@)

如果上述方法都沒效,Avira 也提供 手動移除方法,Conficker-specific instructions,如何使用他們的救援光碟修覆電腦。

        Conficker 的發作時機不見得是4月1日,而是任何一天都有可能,不過該蠕蟲的確有可能在4月1日進行更新。
    最 好的防毒方法:下載最新 的安全性更新、下載最新的防毒軟體更新、更改強度夠強的密碼、不要亂上來歷不明的網站。
    (本文圖片取自Wikipedia, 內容取自Rid Your Computer From Conficker Virus --Seth Rosenblatt)




    檢測出中了B型病毒,最後使用賽門鐵克 Symantec 的 W32.Downadup Removal Tool 成功清除掉

    2010年4月9日 星期五

    使用 ping 指令,出現錯誤訊息:bad option specified

    今天在使用 PING 127.0.0.1 或 any IP address 都出現「bad option specified」的錯誤訊息


    一般來說會出現這個問題是因為相關網路設備或軟體的 TTL 設定值錯誤所造成的,被設定成 > 255,此時是否針對 ping 的對象(目的地)進行檢查,以上面的例子來說,是 ping 本機,因此就從本機的 Windows 設定著手。

    Windows 95/98/Me
    找到:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESystemCurrentControlSetServicesVxDMSTCP
    修改:DefaultTTL
    資料型態:REG_SZ (字串)(1-255 十進位,預設值:64)

    Windows 2000/XP/2003
    找到:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesTcpipParameters
    修改:DefaultTTL
    資料型態:REG_DWORD (1-255 十進位,預設值:128)

    How to add your own splashimage to GRUB2 (4)

    There's nothing much to it really, you can use just about any photo, drawing or digital artwork.
    You can use a picture of your favorite girl / boy / dog / cat / horse / car / motorbike / truck / boat / airplane, the biggest fish you ever caught, your company's logo, almost anything you like.

      1) First, right-click on the image file and click 'properties', or open the image with Image Viewer and find out how many pixels it has.  

      2) For best results you should try to choose an image file that will match the shape of your monitor.
    For example, if your monitor is 1050x780 pixels, that's about 3/4 as high as it is wide.
    If you want your image to fill the whole screen and you don't want part of it cut off, you need to use an image that's about 3/4 as high as it is wide, so it will fit your monitor properly.

     3) Also see How To Change Boot Menu Resolution 

     TIP: If you really want to use an image that doesn't fit, first make a copy of it.
     Never alter your original image because you won't be able to reverse the changes ones they've been saved.
     Open the copy of your image with GIMP image editor in Ubuntu. 
     Crop and/or resize the copy of your image to make it fit your monitor if you need to.

      4) Currently GRUB 2 supports three image formats, they are: .png, .tga and .jpg.
     Everyone should be able to use the .png and .tge images without any problems. If you want to use a .jpg image you can, but you probably need to use the insmod command to insert the module for that first.
    The module for that is called jpeg.mod, see the insmod command.
    You'll need to add the insmod command to your grub.cfg by editing /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme.
    While you have that file open you'll probably need to add '.jpg' as an image format in line 16 or 17 too.
     If you don't want to do it that way, the alternative is to convert the image to .png or .tga. You can do that by opening your image in GIMP and clicking 'save as', and type a file name of your choice with a .png or .tga filename extension after it. That will make a copy of your image in the format you want.

      5) Copy your image file to your /boot/grub/ directory,

    sudo cp myimage.png /boot/grub/
    Where: 'myimage' is replaced with the file name of your own image file.

      6) To get your new splashimage to appear, you need to edit a file called /etc/grub/ 05_debian_theme.
    gksudo gedit /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme

      7) scroll down in the file until you find line 16 or 17

      8) change the following code from:
     for i in {/boot/grub,/usr/share/images/desktop-base}/moreblue-orbit-grub.{png,tga} ; do

     to replace 'moreblue-orbit-grub' with the name of your own splashimage)
     for i in {/boot/grub,/usr/share/images/desktop-base}/myimage.{png,tga} ; do
           NOTE: Be careful to keep the dot in the filename! eg: 'myimage.'

      Save and close the file.

      9) Run grub-mkconfig (Karmic Koala), or update-grub (in earlier versions of Ubuntu), to write the changes to grub-conf,
    sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    10) That's it! All done! Now you can reboot and see how it looks!

    How To Change Boot Menu Resolution in GRUB2 (3)

    If you want to use a splashimage with more pixels than 640x480,  you can set the display resolution higher in GRUB 2.

    That will give you a better quality picture and  your fonts will appear smaller so you'll be able to see a lot more of your boot entries on the screen without scrolling so much.

     1. If you don't already know what resolutions your video hardware can support, you can boot GRUB2 and press 'C' fro your GRUB Menu to go into into CLI Mode GRUB . Then you can run the vbeinfo command for a list of resolutions your hardware can support. Press your pause key if you need more time to read the text.

     2. Write the numbers down on a piece of scrap paper if you need to.

     3. Open your  /etc/default/grub file with a text editor and change your settings there

    gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

     4. Alter the numbers after where it says"GRUB_GFXMODE=" with a suitable resolution for your hardware,
    # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
    # /boot/grub/grub.cfg.

    GRUB_DEFAULT=0
    #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
    GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
    GRUB_TIMEOUT="10"
    GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

    # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
    #GRUB_TERMINAL=console

    # The resolution used on graphical terminal
    # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
    # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
    GRUB_GFXMODE=1280x1024

    # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
    #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true

    # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entrys
    #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY="true"

     4. Save the file before closing it.

     5. Run sudo grub-mkconfig to write the changes to your grub.cfg,
    sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

     6. reboot and see if it worked.

    Changing your Splashimage Font Colors in GRUB2 (2)

    When you have a beautiful splashimage, the next thing to do is choose a suitable font color to go with it. Changing the font color can make a big improvement to the appearance of your GRUB Menu and splashimage.
    Changing the font color would be very important if you have chosen a splashimage which contains a lot of dark shades and you're still using a black font. You might have trouble reading the titles in your GRUB menu. Changing your font color to white or a light color would be a real necessity in that situation.

    We can change the font colors by editing /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme and running 'sudo grub-mkconfig' (Karmic Koala), or 'sudo update-grub', (earlier versions of Ubuntu).

    To alter the grub menu font colors, you need to edit the same file you edited to set your GRUB menu background,  /etc/grub/ 05_debian_theme.
    gksudo gedit /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme

    Scroll down to about lines numbered around 33 to 43 and find this section of the file,
    ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
    insmod tga
    if background_image (hd0,2)/usr/share/images/grub/Windbuchencom.tga ; then
      set color_normal=black/black
      set color_highlight=magenta/black

    else
      set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue
      set menu_color_highlight=white/blue
    fi
    ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
    You may change the colors you see here highlighted in yellow.
    NOTE: If you're displaying a splashimage (background), you will probably want to leave 'black' for your second normal color, that's why I didn't highlight it yellow. In GRUB2, 'black' really means transparent. If you try to set any color here, that color will hide most of your background, (splashimage).

    Colors we can choose from include, black (or transparent), dark-gray, light-gray, white, brown, yellow, red, light-red, blue, light-blue, green, light-green, cyan, light-cyan,   magenta, light-magenta.
     white blue magenta cyan
     light-gray yellow red light-magenta
     dark-gray green light-blue light-red
     black light-cyan light-green brown

    For example, just for demonstration purposes, pretend I have a plain lemon colored background image without anything else on it,

    GNU GRUB version 1.96

    Ubuntu 9.10, linux 2.6.30-8-generic                            
    Ubuntu 9.10, linux 2.6.30-8-generic (single-user mode)
    Ubuntu 9.10, memtest86+
    Other operating systems:




    Use the up or down arrow keys to select which entry is highlighted. Press enter to boot the selected OS, 'e' to edit the commands before booting, or 'c' for a command-line.

    Changes to 'set color_normal=foreground/background' color settings will affect most of the text in your GRUB menu, and your background color.
    As you can see in the above example, using set color_normal=green/black gives me the green font on a 'black' (transparent) background. Because of the transparent background, my  lemon colored background image shows through.

    Changes to 'set color_highlight=foreground/background' color settings will only affect your highlight text, and the highlight selection bar.
    Using set color_highlight=yellow/light-red gives me the yellow highlight text on the light-red highlight or selection bar.

    When you're finished, remember to run update-grub or grub-mkconfig for the changes to take effect.
    sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    TIP
    To save yourself a lot of time, you may want to experiment with the font colors and see how they look over your new GRUB Menu background (splashimage)'on the fly', without needing to reboot.
    Press your 'c' key from your GRUB Menu for GRUB2's Command Line Interface and use the set command to try out different color combinations, pressing your 'esc' key after each change to go back to your GRUB Menu to see how it looks.
    See GRUB2 CLI Mode Commands for more.





    LINKS

    gfxterm - GRUB Wiki

    Care to play with grub2-graphical? - Arch Linux Forums

    GRUB 2 Graphical Menu Theme File Format - GRUB Wiki - Theme Format

    How to add a splashmage in GRUB2 (1)

     1) Download the free, already-made splashimages from the Ubuntu repositories
    sudo apt-get install grub2-splashimages

     2) You'll find your new splashimages in /usr/share/images/grub/
    Copy the images to /boot/grub, that way if someone has an installation with a separate /boot with an encrypted file system for / , they can still use the images. (GRUB can't 'see' inside an encrypted file system).
    sudo cp /usr/share/images/grub/*.tga /boot/grub/

     3) Here are the thumbnails,
    2006-02-15_Piping.tga
    050817-N-3488C-028.tga
    2006-02-15_Piping.tga
    2006-02-15_Piping.tga
    Aesculus_hippocastanum_fruit.tga
    Aesculus_hippocastanum
    _fruit.tga
    Apollo_17_The_Last_Moon_Shot_Edit1.tga
    Apollo_17_The_Last_
    Moon_Shot_Edit1.tga
    B-1B_over_the_pacific_ocean.tga
    B-1B_over_the_pacific
    _ocean.tga
    BonsaiTridentMaple.tga
    BonsaiTridentMaple.tga
    Flower_jtca001.tga
    Flower_jtca001.tga
    Fly-Angel.tga
    Fly-Angel.tga
    Glasses_800_edit.tga
    Glasses_800_edit.tga
    Hortensia-1.tga
    Hortensia-1.tga
    Lake_mapourika_NZ.tga
    Lake_mapourika_NZ.tga
    Moraine_Lake_17092005.tga
    Moraine_Lake_17092005
    .tga
    Plasma-lamp.tga
    Plasma-lamp.tga
    Sparkler.tga
    Sparkler.tga
    TulipStair_QueensHouse_Greenwich.tga
    TulipStair_QueensHouse
    _Greenwich.tga
    Windbuchencom.tga
    Windbuchencom.tga

     
    4)
    To get your new splashimage to appear, you need to edit a file called /etc/grub/ 05_debian_theme.
    gksudo gedit /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme

     5) scroll down in the file and find line 16 or 17

     6) change the following code in line 16 or 17 from:
     for i in {/boot/grub,/usr/share/images/desktop-base}/moreblue-orbit-grub.{png,tga} ; do

     to replace 'moreblue-orbit-grub' with the name of the splashimage of your choice)
     for i in {/boot/grub,/usr/share/images/desktop-base}/Windbuchencom.{png,tga} ; do
      NOTE: Be careful to keep the dot in the filename! eg: 'Windbuchencom.'

      Save and close the file.

      7) Run grub-mkconfig (Karmic Koala), or update-grub (in earlier versions of Ubuntu),
    sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    The grub-mkconfig or update-grub command is to write the changes to your grub-conf file.

    The expected feedback should look something like this,
    [sudo] password for username:
    Updating /boot/grub/grub.cfg …
    Found Debian background: Windbuchencom.tga
    Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-generic
    Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-generic
    Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
    done
     

    8) That's it! All done! Now you can reboot and see how it looks!

    How to repair and clone disk with ddrescue

      ddrescue  is a tool that can be used to repair and clone disks on a  Linux system . This includes hard drives, partitions, DVD discs, flas...